

By John Helmer, Moscow
@bears_with
Two empires, one system – that’s the idea which President Xi Jinping has asked President Donald Trump to accept.
In the official Chinese version of the talks between Xi and Trump in Beijing this week, Xi declared: “I have agreed with President Trump on a new vision of building a constructive China-U.S. relationship of strategic stability. This will provide strategic guidance for China-U.S. relations over the next three years and beyond.”
The reference to “three years” was Xi’s way of reminding the world that Trump’s term is coming to an end. Trump’s reply was his introduction to Xi of Eric Trump, his second son, as his successor in November 2028. Until then Eric Tump is in charge of bribe receipts.
“Constructive strategic stability,” Xi went on, according to the text of the Chinese Foreign Ministry readout, “means positive stability with cooperation as the mainstay, healthy stability with competition within proper limits, constant stability with manageable differences, and lasting stability with expectable peace.”
This is the standard peaceful coexistence formula which Xi, Wang Yi, Politburo influencer and Foreign Minister, and other Chinese officials have been repeating regularly. Wang had told Secretary of State Marco Rubio by telephone on April 30 the same thing “so as to achieve mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation”.
But Xi added a point he has been recording for American audiences since 2015. “Can China and the United States overcome the Thucydides Trap,” Xi told Trump, “and create a new paradigm of major-country relations? Can we meet global challenges together and provide greater stability for the world? Can we build a bright future together for our bilateral relations in the interest of the well-being of the two peoples and the future of humanity? These are the questions vital to history, to the world, and to the people. They are the questions of our times that the leaders of major countries need to answer together.”
Xi was opening the Thucydides Trap for Trump as if Xi believes both of them believe it.
But he had closed the trap in the US in 2015. “There is no such thing as the so-called Thucydides Trap in the world,” Xi had said in a Seattle speech on September 23, 2015. “But should major countries time and again make the mistakes of strategic miscalculation, they might create such traps for themselves.”
“We must read each other’s strategic intentions correctly. Building a new model of major country relationship with the United States that features non-conflict, non-confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation is the priority of China’s foreign policy.”
Xi has used this combination of the classic Greek text and idea of the inevitability of clash of empires from a Harvard academic backer of US empire for the purpose of appearing more conciliatory towards Trump than he appeared to be with President Barack Obama in 2015. In 2021, to an Australian prime minister, Xi also referred to Thucydides, but not to the Harvard professor’s interpretation. Xi spoke of the Melian Dialogue; that was the warning Athens gave the Melians, allies of Sparta, and then implemented when they refused to submit to the Athenian terms of surrender. Genocidal slaughter of the Melians followed; but after eleven years, Athens was defeated, and the Melians recovered.
Xi has not referred publicly to the Melian genocide during the US-Israeli wars against Gaza and the Palestinians, Lebanon, and Iran.
He did, however, repeat for Trump the warning Wang gave Rubio a fortnight ago. “President Xi stressed that the Taiwan question is the most important issue in China-U.S. relations. If it is handled properly, the bilateral relationship will enjoy overall stability. Otherwise, the two countries will have clashes and even conflicts, putting the entire relationship in great jeopardy. ‘Taiwan independence’and cross-Strait peace are as irreconcilable as fire and water. Safeguarding peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait is the biggest common denominator between China and the US. The US side must exercise extra caution in handling the Taiwan question.”
In the White House readout – published in a White House handout in Beijing but not on the White House website – there is no mention of Taiwan. Instead, Trump said he had discussed “expanding market access for American businesses into China and increasing Chinese investment into our industries”; “ending the flow of fentanyl precursors into the US”; and “increasing Chinese purchases of American agricultural products”. These are three of Trump’s forms of Chinese tribute payment to the US.
Trump had two more for Xi: China should reverse its support of Iran in defending against the US war, Trump’s readout says, and should buy US oil instead of Iranian.
“The two sides agreed that the Strait of Hormuz must remain open to support the free flow of energy. President Xi also made clear China’s opposition to the militarization of the Strait and any effort to charge a toll for its use and he expressed interest in purchasing more American oil to reduce China’s dependence on the Strait in the future. Both countries agreed that Iran can never have a nuclear weapon.”
For Xi to mean to agree to the Trump tributary system, in opposition to Iran’s position as oil supplier to China, Iran’s scheme for control of the Hormuz Strait and for strategic deterrence from US and Israeli attack, contradicts the understandings Wang gave Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi on April 29.
For Xi the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party to have proposed the formulation of the Thucydides Trap as the foundation for China and the US to accept peaceful coexistence (aka “constructive peaceful stability”) is exceptional. The last senior Communist Party figure to have proclaimed as much was Mikhail Gorbachev. His overthrow followed in six years — planned, promoted and financed by successive US governments.
This has been a lesson which successive Russian governments and presidents have found it slow and difficult to learn, acknowledge, and defend themselves from. In the latest statement of Russian lesson-learning, Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov – less influential with Putin than Wang with Xi – declared in an interview on May 13: “We appreciate the fact that President Trump initiated dialogue with us and with President Putin. We have communicated at the levels of heads of the US State Department and our Foreign Ministry, and the Aide [sic] to the President of Russia holds meetings with President Trump’s special representative. Many good words are being said about the enormous potential for mutually beneficial, modern, technological, energy-related, and other projects between Russia and the United States.”
“However, nothing is happening in real life. Aside from this regular dialogue – which is normal in relations between people and countries – everything else follows the pattern initiated by President Biden. The sanctions imposed under him have remained in force. Moreover, the Trump administration has adopted its own initiatives in order to punish Russia’s economy…their goal is entirely clear: they want to bring every significant energy supply route under their control…Pressing everyone into not buying Russian oil is a dirty tactic. You can describe it in different ways – colonial or neocolonial – but these are methods of exploitation. Deep down, they are designed to strong arm everyone into buying expensive US oil and liquefied natural gas rather than cheap Russian oil. In this way, they seek to rule the world through controlling global energy supplies.”
About the Hormuz control regime, Lavrov added: “Now the Americans are demanding that the Strait of Hormuz be reopened. But it was never closed. It is always important to look at what lies beneath.”
Xi and Wang think that beneath the Hormuz Strait, there is Taiwan (and Japanese remilitarization) and China’s priority to maintain “stability” in its relationship with the US over the time the Chinese calculate to themselves that they expect to defeat and subjugate the US empire — without firing a shot.
Lavrov met Araghchi the day after his press interview. His communiqué says: “In a detailed and trustworthy manner, the ministers discussed the course of the negotiations to settle the armed conflict unleashed by the United States and Israel in the Middle East. The Russian side emphasised the importance of preserving the ceasefire regime and the fragile armistice as well as preventing disruption of the political and diplomatic efforts to achieve a comprehensive Iranian-US understanding which opens the way to a lasting and stable normalisation in the region.”
Araghchi has not issued a readout of their discussion. He said in public at their BRICS conference in Delhi the next day: “To virtually everyone in this room, our resistance against US bullying is not an unfamiliar battle. So many of us encounter slight variations of the same repugnant coercion. It is high time for us to jointly step up and work towards making clear that those practices belong in the dustbin of history. Today, our nations are closer to one another than ever before, and we cannot ignore the common and dangerous challenge we all face. History has shown that empires in decline will stop at nothing to arrest their inevitable fates. A wounded animal will desperately claw and roar on its way down.”
In the new podcast with Jamarl Thomas, broadcast live on May 14, the discussion focuses on the meaning of the Trump-Xi summit for the war against Iran; click to view or listen. In the second part of the discussion, we discuss Russian strategizing on the Ukraine war.
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